Journal of Nano Structures
Volume:11 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

Herein, a famous amino acid, cysteine (LC), apply as an available and low cost additive to construct perovskite solar cells based on Sn (Sn-PSCs). A carbon cell configuration is used to decrease the costs. In this study, we try to solve one of the most important issues in Sn-PSCs, the tin oxidation phenomenon. Because, oxidation phenomenon results in p-type doping and severe device deterioration and low performance in Sn-PSCs. Our results reveal that the adding of LC improves the photovoltaic parameters as a result of an effective decrease in Sn+2 oxidation. LC is a proper alternative for expensive additives to decrease tin oxidation. It is found that this strategy will open up a promising direction to application of these kinds of additives in the fabrication of Sn-PSCs.Herein, we address one of the most important issues in tin perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs), tin oxidation. Our results reveal adding of L-cysteine (LC) improves the photovoltaic parameters due to decreasing tin oxidation.

In this study, some mechanical and physical properties of the composite resin were improved by adding weight percentages of a nano-material, magnesium nanowire, at rates (0-4) %. Some of the techniques that were used, such as X-ray diffraction examination to find out the components of the composite resin from bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite, in addition to the scanning electron microscope examination and through it the good distribution of magnesium nanowire material was observed in the composite resin, where the examination shows the homogeneous distribution and full of pores in the composition. By analyzing the results of the research, it can be observed that the compressive strength property improved at 4% magnesium nanowire (208 MPa) and (50 MPa) at 0% magnesium nanowire. Also, an improvement in the wear rate, as the weight loss values decreased with the increase in the percentage of the nano-added material, and the best value was at 4% magnesium nanowire. As for the thermal conductivity property, its best values were at the highest value of the addition of the strengthening material, and all values were within the permissible range for clinical dental implant applications. As for the examination of the micro-hardness, it was decreasing as the values of addition increased until it reached the lowest hardness at 4% and the highest values of hardness at 0%, which is also within a close range and is allowed in dental implant applications.

In this study, a nickel nanocatalyst was synthesized over a mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN), then used as catalyst support that was loaded by Ni nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in ethylene. The base of the catalyst was examined by the first polyol method with 15% by weight of nickel and the synthesized sample of the catalyst at temperatures of 700/800/900 was examined. Ni / MCN Catalysts Using methods FESEM, TPO, ICP, TGA, TEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, TPR, and Reactor tests were characterized. industrial catalyst Ni / Ɣ Aluminum The catalytic performance of nanocatalysts was evaluated in the temperature range of 200-40 ᵒC. New operating conditions for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in an ethylene-rich stream were introduced. As the temperature rises, it makes a very promising choice for ethylene production and also suppresses oligomer formation during acetylene hydrogenation. This nanocatalyst yielded significantly higher than 93% of what had previously been obtained for the production of ethylene was found that loading Ni on MCN led to a performance with about 99% acetylene conversion. performance compared to the G58C catalyst. Finally, acetylene and ethylene selectivity in different ratios of acetylene and hydrogen inlet feed in the hydrogenation reaction were investigated. In addition to increasing the temperature or decreasing the H2 / AC molar ratio, the selectivity to ethylene is 96% compared to 78% conversion by commercial catalysts.

Development in ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors get research community attention and incorporated in a wide range of applications. To improve light sensitivity, wideband gap nanotechnology was employed, such as zinc oxide for its notable properties. The vital role is on UV heterojunctibility sensing between ZnO NPs and polymer conducting nanocomposites (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS). the photovoltaic effect was observed, characterized, and examined at a wavelength of 365 nm. ZnO NPs are coated with an indium tin oxide painted with glass at the top of the (PEDOT: PSS) layer. Then, aluminum is deposited on the top of the unit electrode.Then, aluminum is deposited on the top of the unit electrode The current-voltage function exhibits the appropriate behavior in the dark field. With ultraviolet light, the backward orientation of current has been detected, as well as the forward orientation. Current-voltage data reveal that the barrier voltage drops down when exposed to UV light.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been used primarily for medical advances, chemotherapy, and specialized tissue repair for targeted drug delivery. In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were first prepared and identified. Then, biodegradable copolymer of polypro-pylene capro-lactone-polyethylene glycol PCL-PEG1000-PCL was synthesized. Doxorubucin nanoparticles were prepared by using copolymer containing magnetic nanoparticles by solvent-evaporation method. VSM, FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR and SEM were used to determine the structural properties of copolymer nanoparticles. The synthesis of PCL-PEG1000-PCL triple-block copolymer and doxorubicin and iron nanoparticles encapsulation were confirmed by the mentioned characterization methods. The resulting nanoparticles have superparamagnetic properties and the drug encapsulation yield was about 95%. The effect of pH and heat on drug release curve was investigated.The results showed that the copolymer synthesized is suitable for the encapsulation of doxorubicin and iron nanoparticles and can be effective as a carrier of novel nanostructures in the delivery of anticancer drugs. The results showed that due to the properties of magnetic nanoparticles and copolymers they can be used for targeted drug delivery for targeted drug delivery.

This study explores the unique characteristics and parameters used in intellectual systems for drug delivery. Todays, the most widely used category of intelligent systems are expert systems that are computer systems capable of partially replacing a highly trained professional in his/her area of expertise by means of information previously gained by the experts. That is why expert systems are agreed to be viewed along with information bases, which are models of the actions of experts in a particular area, and logical assumptions are extended to decision-making procedures. The application field of expert systems is absolutely unlimited. A vivid example is their use in diagnostic tasks of modern medicine. Following a brief discussion of the basic mechanics underlying electrospinning, a thorough discussion of the parameters that can impact the mechanism and the nature of their effect was given. Data revealed that SPC Methodology was an efficient and effective mean to automate the monitoring of expert system rule behavior and other process measures that were important for expert system performance.

In this research Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) made from the olive stones has been revised considering different parameters and factors including temperature, moisture, benzene concentration, the amount of adsorbent and contact time with three different methods and the amount of adsorption of three adsorbents to eliminate the benzene vapor from the ambient air. In the first adsorbent, the primary CQDs activated with nitric acid (CQDs-HNO3), and in the second adsorbent activated with KOH (CQDs-KOH), and in the third one activated with Ionic liquid (CQDs-Ion) were all studied. A pilot was made for the tests which were all equipped with a measurement device of volatile organic compounds with a photoionization detector, and a sensor for indicating the moment concentration of benzene. The most percentage of elimination of benzene in 60 seconds with an adsorption amount of 20 mg/L was calculated. In this study, the most percentage of benzene elimination amounting 70% for CQDs -KOH and the least percentage of elimination for CQDs-HNO3 was 51%. The coefficient correlation R2 for CQDs-KOH adsorbent was 0.990 as the maximum amount. The research results showed that the activated adsorbents with ionized liquid with a specific area of 524 m2/g at the temperature of 35 °C and the moisture of above 50% has more effective reaction compared to CQDs-KOH adsorbent with the specific adsorption area of 550 m2/g. This result is due to the great amount of volume of porosity of the adsorbent CQDs-ion of 1.56 cm3/g compared with the other adsorbents.

One the most important property of a wound dressing is its anti-bacterial performance. Electrospun nanofibers showing great promise for fabricating nanostructured materials might help to wound dressing and skin engineering applications. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the wound healing potential of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber containing gold, silver, and copper also poly vinyl acetate (PVAc)/Au, PVAc/Ag and PVAc/Cu composite nanofibers. The samples with efficient antimicrobial capability was prepared via an electrospinning process. The comparison between these samples is aimed at selecting the best composite nanofibers for wound healing applications. For better comparison also aluminum and zinc nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling method, also amino-modified multiwall carbon nano tube were added to polymeric matrixes. Results approve gold, silver and copper have better antibacterial activities and we prepared their polymeric nano fibers composites. Various samples shows different morphology, structure, enhanced blood clotting ability and cell attachment as well as antimicrobial activity. Optimized combinations the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Carbon quantum dots-based nanostructures have been found more attention in recent years. In this study, Au-doped tin oxide/carbon quantum dots (Au:SnO2/carbon quantum dots) nanocomposites was prepared via simple and friendly to the environment route. The obtained results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy showed the formation of the pure and regular shape of Au:SnO2/ carbon quantum dots. Then, prepared Au:SnO2/ carbon quantum dots was utilized for the testing of antibacterial activity using Aspergillus niger,, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi-A serotype, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The modified sample showed significant improvement against tested bacteria. The best antibacterial activity was observed in Au:SnO2/ carbon quantum dots against pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values of 62.5 μg/ml. The obtained results demonstrate Au:SnO2/ carbon quantum dots nanocomposites are highly suitable as an antibacterial agent against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Polylactide based essential oil films were formulated by incorporating polyethylene glycol, nanopowder (zinc oxide), and essential oil by solvent casting method.The films were tested against pathogens for their antibacterial activity.The effectiveness of selected oil-nanomaterial based film was tested by performing the tests. In vitro antibacterial efficacies of nanopowders/essential oil were determined by the decimal reduction concentrations and the minimum bactericidal concentrations for the pathogens. In a typical process, Brassica napus extract was obtained from supercritical fluid extraction using pressurized carbon dioxide as solvent. The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS).39 compounds were identified in the oil.Polylactide based essential oil films were formulated by incorporating polyethylene glycol, nanopowder (zinc oxide), and essential oil by solvent casting method.The films were tested against pathogens for their antibacterial activity. The effectiveness of selected oil-nanomaterial based film was tested by performing the tests. In vitro antibacterial efficacies of nanopowders/essential oil were determined by the decimal reduction concentrations and the minimum bactericidal concentrations for the pathogens.In a typical process, Brassica napus extract was obtained from supercritical fluid extraction using pressurized carbon dioxide as solvent.The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). 39 compounds were identified in the oil. The major compounds of the oil were 1,3,6,10-Cyclotetradecatetraene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-14- (1-methylethyl) - 30,07%, Cyclohexanone, 5 -methyl-2- (1-methylethylidene) - 12.91%, 3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone - 9,67%, Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester - 8.28%, Octacosanol - 5,50%, 11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-1,3,6,10,14-pentaene - 4,55% and 1,6,10,14-Hexadecatetraen-3-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl – 3,14 %.

Regarding the specific physiochemical and biomedical properties of graphene oxide (GO), it has been a long time that experts have preferred anticancer drug cocktails to single drugs. Given that the former may develop a more balanced molecular basis for recent chemotherapeutic strategies. In this study, graphene oxide was investigated as a bioavailable nanocarrier for indoles. The synthesized components were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Interestingly, maximum drug loading efficiency was achieved in the neutral media (pH=7). The release analysis in different media revealed higher rate in both acidic and basic media than in neutral media. However, the total loaded drug was released in less than 80 minutes in all the systems prepared. The MTT assay results toward mesenchymal stem cells exhibited a desirable biocompatibility of GO-indole and GO. Taken together, the prepared GO-indole has suitable drug loading efficiency.

In a new study in a comparison between the contrast medium of Iodine solution which used in the computed tomography scanning (CT-Scan) and the same contrast medium after converting it to nanoparticles by Lyophilization method. The aim of this study is to reduce the different side effects which caused the micro iodine for the patients, but the iodine nanoparticles solution have good physical and chemical properties in blood medium as antioxidant reagent compared with micro-iodine, as well as the new characteristics of nano iodine solution. The micro iodine and nanoparticles were studied on laboratory animals, so the rabbits were chosen in the study to identify the time of remaining the contrast media in the different organs, so that the diagnosis was good, as in the catheter and some organs that need the contrast media to remain for a longer period. The brain, heart, liver, kidney and bladder were selected to study the contrast media at micro and nano iodine, and the results were encouraging in the use of nano iodine in the field of diagnosis by the CT-Scan imaging. It is noticed that after injected the rabbit with the iodine nanoparticles, the value of Hounsfield unit (HU) values was monitored which have the same values after one hour. Whereas, the survival of the micro contrast medium were observed with a shorter period time of survival in the studied the organs compared with the micro contrast medium. Therefore, it is recommended to using iodine nanoparticles solution to monitor the functioning of the organs.

Lewis acid heterogeneous nano catalysts entitled nano-γ-Al2O3/BFn  and nano-γ-Al2O3/BFn/Fe3O4 were prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. These highly effective heterogeneous catalysts have been used for the synthesis of substituted perimidines via reaction of naphthalene-1,8-diamine with various aromatic aldehydes under different condition such as  grinding, reflux, microwave and ultrasound irradiation. The obtained dihydroperimidines were characterized by spectroscopic and physical methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR and melting point. Short reaction times, high conversions, clean reaction profiles, simple work-up, availability and low cost of catalysts and absence of any hazardous organic solvents are some advantages of these protocols. Also, this heterogeneous acidic magnetic nano catalyst could be successfully reused at least for five runs without significant loss in its activity.

In this work, Enhancement activity of nanocomposite metal Oxide by laser for medical application, nanocomposite metal Oxide we prepared by using a simple Sol-Gel method that used to synthesize and measure (〖TiO〗_2, ZnO/〖TiO〗_2and Cu: ZnO/〖TiO〗_2). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to describe the crystalline structures, Cu2O spikes were observed (26.393 °), and the amplitude of these peaks became high with a copper concentration that explained a higher Cu2O mass fraction was provide from the copper load. The pictures from the FTSEM showed that most particles are spherical. The effect of heat treatment and laser on the particle size was substantial as well. The chemical bonds and the functional groups of TiO2 NPs were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) within a 400-4000 cm-1 wavenumber range. The solid and broad O-H stretching peaks, C-H bending, N-H bending, and C-Cl stretching chemical bonds were obtained. The photocatalytic activity of (〖TiO〗_2, ZnO/〖TiO〗_2and Cu: ZnO/〖TiO〗_2) were then evaluated under laser rays. ZnO/TiO2 were calcination at 500 °C showed the highest photoactivity compared to that calcination at 400, 600, and 700°C That has the top activity than Cu: ZnO/TiO2 and titanium oxide consequently The antibacterial activity of the prepared specimens was indicated by the Kirby-Bauer disc method that Enhancement photocatalytic activity by laser. ZnO/TiO2 NPs showed a very efficient antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus strains extraordinary antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus bacterium strains

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using different parts of plant extracts is a novel and environmentally benign method that can be used in numerous biomedical applications. In this study cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through biological method using 0.2 M cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor salt and leaf extract of indigenous plant called Phytolacca dodecandra as a reducing and capping agent. In addition to this, cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized chemically by co-precipitation method from cobalt nitrate hexahydrate in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The synthesized Co3O4 NPs were characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Ultraviolet-Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The average crystal size were found to be 10.79 nm and 11.9 nm, having band gap energy of 3.35 eV and 3.18 eV for the biologically and chemically synthesized Co3O4 NPs, respectively. The shape and morphology of Co3O4 NPs synthesized in the two methods were found to be spherical. Analyses of FT-IR and XRD have confirmed formation of Co3O4 NPs. The corresponding zone of inhibition of the antibacterial activity of both the calcined and un-calcined biologically and chemically synthesized Co3O4 NPs were found in between 8.3-12.5. Biologically synthesized Co3O4 NPs shows high antibacterial activity due to the production of high reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of the presence of Phytolacca dodecandra leaf extract and due to the relatively small average crystalline size as compared to chemically synthesized Co3O4 NPs

The goal of this study is to evaluate how micro TiC (1-4.5) wt% and nano TiC (0.25-1) wt% additions effects on the properties of copper base composites made by powder metallurgy. Powder mixes were ball milled for 7 hours at 170 rpm in a 304SS container. Uniaxial pressing at 700 MPa was performed to prepare the samples, and then they are sintered at 850°C for 2 hours in an electric resistance furnace in an argon atmosphere. The results revealed that as the micro and nano TiC content increases, the density of the sintered copper decreases. Generally, the micro size TiC addition tends to increase the porosity of sintered copper samples, while the increase of the porosity was in lower values particularly when the nano TiC addition was greater than 0.25 wt%. The increase in micro TiC addition is reflected in the increase of the micro-hardness of sintered copper, while the best micro-hardness value was measured for the sintered copper sample with the lowest nano TiC addition that was 0.25 wt%. The microstructure of the pure copper sintered compacts and its composites with micro and nano-size TiC additions were analyzed and observed with aid of XRD, optical microscope and FESEM-Mapping, techniques.

In this work, we presented an improvement in specific capacity of AgO cathode and zinc anode for AgO/Zn primary alkaline cell. The coprecipitation process was used to introduce different amount of Pb additive to the AgO structure (n%Pb-AgO). The four point probe method revealed that the electrical resistivity of AgO decreased with addition of Pb Additive. The galvanostatic discharge of the prepared cathode electrodes at current density of 250 mA cm-2 showed increased specific capacity by 15% which is clearly resulted from the decreased the electrical resistivity. Also, the electrodeposition method was employed to prepare dendritic zinc metal powder under different applied current densities. The prepared dendritic zinc powder at current density of 250 mA cm-2 showed a great potential to serve as anode material for AgO/Zn cell. The galvanostatic discharge of AgO/Zn cells at current density of 300 mA cm-2 indicated that the discharge capacity of cell increased to 174 mAh g-1 when Pb additive was introduced to the AgO cathode material. In contrast, AgO/Zn cell comprising the AgO cathode without any Pb additive showed the discharge capacity of 155 mAh g-1.

Green energy is often derived from renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and hydroelectric power as a source of energy. Every one of those technologies generates energy differently, whether it’s by harnessing the sun’s energy through solar panels, wind turbines, or the flow of water. In recent years, nanomaterials have been used in solar cells due to their high efficiency. Our study reported a new method (photolysis) to fabricate silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. Various techniques investigated the synthesized sample. A transmitted electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the particle size of nano-SiO2 and was found to be 20.7 nm. The amorphous structure of SiO2 nanoparticles synthesized was diagnoses via x-ray diffraction (XRD). The energy band gap is estimated to be 3.61 eV in Uv-visible spectroscopy to evaluate the nano-sample’s optical properties. Eventually, SiO2 nanoparticles were applied as a photoanode to assembled dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Photo-current short-circuits, photovoltaic open-circuit, and DSSC power conversion output was evaluated using an I – V measurement system. The effects of the concentration of Rhodamine 6G dye-sensitized on DSSC power conversion performance have also been studied. The cell power conversion efficiency with increased dye concentrations was mainly increased, with maximum efficiency of 2% at 20 mm of dye concentration. Finally, it can be reported that silicon oxide nanoparticles can be used as anode electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, as they are highly effective.

In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) composed of [SiO2/ZrO2] stacks is designed to act as an optical filter. These types of filters have been extensively used in safety glasses working in the wavelength of 355 nm. Here, theoretical calculations are carried out in MATLAB software based on the transfer matrix method (TMM). Simulations showed that the structure of Quartz/[SiO2/ZrO2]20 can block the wavelength of 355 nm, reducing the transmittance ratio to 1.29×10-5%. By forming 16 stacks, the optical density (OD) reaches 5, completely protecting the user’s eyes from laser beams with incident angles ranging from 0 to 22 degrees. For higher incident angles up to 38 degrees, 20 stacks of [SiO2/ZrO2] are needed to reach OD = 5. The visible light can pass through this filter about 70%, being sufficient for the user’s vision. Finally, the distribution of the electric field is simulated to confirm the performance of the resulting structures.

Copper Sulfide (CuS) has received significant interest due to its attractive physical and chemical properties. In this study, the development and characterization of nano CuS (a p-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.2~2 eV) for the detection of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is reported. Nano CuSwassynthesized hydrothermally by studying the effects of cationic and anionic surfactants (CTAB and SDS). The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized for surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystal structure. The developed CuS nanoparticles were then drop-cast on a graphite electrode and subjected to the electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid. Further, the deposition time of the analyte and the deposition potential of the electrode was evaluated. It was observed that the time required for ascorbic acid to deposit on the electrode was 20 seconds and deposition potential was found to be 0.34V. Besides, the effect of analyte concentration on the sensing ability of the nanomaterial was studied and a linear relationship between the two was observed. The working pH was found to be 9.4.